Unit-10 | Habits and Behaviour | बानी र व्यवहार | | Class 8 English | Grade 8 English

Unit-10 | Habits and Behaviour | बानी र व्यवहार

Reading

Table of Contents [विषयसुची]

A.Engage yourself

1.Askyour friend what good habits and bad habits are. Then, note down the good and bad habits that you have discussed.

Good habits	Bad habits
Respecting Elder	Not disposing waste properly
Brushing Teeth	Keep the water tap
Taking bath regularly	Not utilizing electricity Properly
Keeping our house clean	Rude

2. Look at the following pictures and tick (√) the good habits and cross (x) bad ones.

B. Study

Read the following text and note down the main points.

Good habit-राम्रो बानी

Everyone may have good as well as bad habits. We should give up our bad habits and adopt good ones. We are able to create, change and eliminate our habits. However, it is not easy.(सबैको राम्रो र नराम्रो बानी हुन सक्छ। हामीले हाम्रा खराब बानीहरू त्यागेर असल बानीहरू अपनाउनुपर्छ। हामी हाम्रा बानीहरू सिर्जना गर्न, परिवर्तन गर्न र हटाउन सक्षम छौं। यद्यपि, यो सजिलो छैन।)

Good habits help us control our lives. We need to do more in a short time; to improve our relationships with other people and promote self-confidence. Good habits help us to be happy in life and find the balance between the time for school, work, recreation, meeting people and other activities. We need to find out what we value most in our life. Moreover, it determines our habits, and our habits will determine who we are.(राम्रो बानीले हामीलाई हाम्रो जीवन नियन्त्रण गर्न मद्दत गर्छ। हामीले छोटो समयमा धेरै गर्न आवश्यक छ; अन्य मानिसहरूसँग हाम्रो सम्बन्ध सुधार गर्न र आत्म-विश्वास बढावा दिन। असल बानीहरूले हामीलाई जीवनमा खुसी हुन र स्कूल, काम, मनोरञ्जन, मानिसहरू भेटघाट र अन्य गतिविधिहरूको लागि समय बीच सन्तुलन पत्ता लगाउन मद्दत गर्दछ। हामीले हाम्रो जीवनमा सबैभन्दा बढी मूल्यवान कुराहरू पत्ता लगाउन आवश्यक छ। यसबाहेक, यसले हाम्रो बानीहरू निर्धारण गर्दछ, र हाम्रा बानीहरूले हामी को हौं भनेर निर्धारण गर्नेछ।)

Our habits, good or bad will shape our characters. When we are able to deal with our own habits, then we may be able to deal with other people’s habits. In order to create good habits, we should have good paradigm in our lives. We will never know how poor our current vision is, until we get a new and better paradigm. Therefore, let’s know about some good habits.(हाम्रो बानी, राम्रो वा खराबले हाम्रो चरित्रलाई आकार दिन्छ। जब हामी आफ्नै बानीहरू सामना गर्न सक्षम हुन्छौं, तब हामी अरू मानिसहरूका बानीहरूसँग व्यवहार गर्न सक्षम हुन सक्छौं। राम्रो बानीहरू सिर्जना गर्न, हामीले हाम्रो जीवनमा राम्रो प्रतिमान हुनुपर्छ। हामीले नयाँ र राम्रो ढाँचा नपाएसम्म हाम्रो वर्तमान दृष्टि कति कमजोर छ भनेर हामीले कहिल्यै थाहा पाउनेछैनौं। त्यसैले केही राम्रा बानीहरूबारे जानौं।)

Be positive

You should stop worrying about the things that you cannot control. You should focus on what you can control i.e. your attitude, your decision, and your response etc. You can take control and responsibility for your own life. Positive people do not blame others for their own actions or feelings.(तपाईंले नियन्त्रण गर्न नसक्ने चीजहरूको बारेमा चिन्ता गर्न छोड्नुपर्छ। तपाईंले के नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ भन्ने कुरामा ध्यान केन्द्रित गर्नुपर्छ अर्थात् तपाईंको मनोवृत्ति, तपाईंको निर्णय, र तपाईंको प्रतिक्रिया आदि। तपाईंले आफ्नो जीवनको लागि नियन्त्रण र जिम्मेवारी लिन सक्नुहुन्छ। सकारात्मक व्यक्तिहरूले आफ्नो कार्य वा भावनाको लागि अरूलाई दोष दिँदैनन्।)

Create a personal mission statement

You should be clear about your values for life, goals for your career, destination you want to reach. You may create a personal mission statement which will act as a road map to guide your decision-making process.(तपाइँ तपाइँको जीवन को लागी मूल्यहरु को बारे मा स्पष्ट हुनु पर्छ, तपाइँको क्यारियर को लागी लक्ष्य, तपाइँ पुग्न चाहानु भएको गन्तव्य को बारे मा स्पष्ट हुनुपर्दछ। तपाईले व्यक्तिगत मिशन स्टेटमेन्ट सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ जुन तपाईको निर्णय लिने प्रक्रियालाई मार्गदर्शन गर्न रोड म्यापको रूपमा कार्य गर्दछ।)

Prioritize right thing in right time

You should prioritize and manage your time so that you can focus on and complete the most important task in your life. Prioritizing the right thing in right time also means learning to overcome fears and being strong during difficult times. It is living life according to what matters most.(तपाईंले आफ्नो समयलाई प्राथमिकता र व्यवस्थापन गर्नुपर्छ ताकि तपाईं आफ्नो जीवनको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्यमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गर्न र पूरा गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। सही समयमा सही कुरालाई प्राथमिकता दिनु भनेको डरलाई जित्न र कठिन समयमा बलियो बन्न सिक्नु हो। यो सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण कुरा अनुसार जीवन जिउनु हो।)

Think win-win

You can learn to foster the belief in the atmosphere of win-win in every relationship. So, you are encouraged to create an appropriate atmosphere in which both the parties can arrive at a mutually beneficial solution. You should learn to celebrate the accomplishments of others instead of being threatened by them.(तपाईले हरेक सम्बन्धमा जीत-जितको वातावरणमा विश्वास बढाउन सिक्न सक्नुहुन्छ। त्यसकारण, तपाईलाई उपयुक्त वातावरण सिर्जना गर्न प्रोत्साहित गरिन्छ जसमा दुबै पक्षहरू पारस्परिक रूपमा लाभदायक समाधानमा पुग्न सक्छन्। अरूबाट धम्की दिनुको सट्टा तपाईंले अरूको उपलब्धिहरू मनाउन सिक्नुपर्छ।)

Listen to others

You should listen to others. Most of the people do not listen to others very well. One of the great frustrations in life is that many do not feel understood. This habit will ensure you to learn the most important communication skill that is: active listening.(अरुको कुरा सुन्नुपर्छ । धेरैजसो मानिसहरू अरूको कुरा राम्ररी सुन्दैनन्। जीवनमा ठूलो निराशा मध्ये एक हो कि धेरैले बुझ्दैनन्। यो बानीले तपाइँलाई सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण संचार कौशल सिक्न सुनिश्चित गर्नेछ जुन हो: सक्रिय सुन्न।)

Work in group

One person is better for meditation; two are better for study and more are better for interaction. Therefore, you should work in groups to create something better than working alone. Through this habit, you may learn that it does not have to be “your way” or “my way” but rather a better way.(एक व्यक्ति ध्यान को लागी राम्रो छ; दुई अध्ययनको लागि राम्रो छन् र अधिक अन्तरक्रियाको लागि राम्रो छन्। तसर्थ, एक्लै काम गर्नु भन्दा राम्रो केहि सिर्जना गर्न तपाईंले समूहमा काम गर्नुपर्छ। यस बानीको माध्यमबाट, तपाईंले सिक्न सक्नुहुन्छ कि यो "तपाईको बाटो" वा "मेरो बाटो" हुनु पर्दैन बरु राम्रो तरिका हो।)

Renew yourself

You should regularly renew and strengthen the four key dimensions of life – body, brain, heart, and soul. Smart work is possible on the basis of these four and their efficiency.(तपाईंले नियमित रूपमा जीवनका चार मुख्य आयामहरू - शरीर, मस्तिष्क, हृदय र आत्मालाई नवीकरण र बलियो बनाउनुपर्छ। यी चार र तिनीहरूको दक्षताको आधारमा स्मार्ट काम सम्भव छ।)

Be reflective

Reflection is a key technique to reveal your reality, i.e. your strengths and weaknesses. You are the best person in the world to know about yourself. Therefore, you should review yourself against your friends, your role model and your knowledge acquired from your experience or texts. After your reflection, you should not worry about your past, but be happy since you have learnt a lesson from your past, and make your future better.(प्रतिबिम्ब तपाइँको वास्तविकता, अर्थात् तपाइँको शक्ति र कमजोरीहरु लाई प्रकट गर्न को लागी एक प्रमुख प्रविधि हो। तपाईं आफ्नो बारेमा जान्न संसारको सबैभन्दा राम्रो व्यक्ति हुनुहुन्छ। तसर्थ, तपाईंले आफ्ना साथीहरू, तपाईंको रोल मोडेल र तपाईंको अनुभव वा पाठहरूबाट प्राप्त गर्नुभएको ज्ञानको विरुद्धमा आफैलाई समीक्षा गर्नुपर्छ। आफ्नो प्रतिबिम्ब पछि, तपाईंले आफ्नो विगतको बारेमा चिन्ता नगर्नुहोस्, तर खुशी हुनुहोस् किनकि तपाईंले आफ्नो विगतबाट पाठ सिकेको छ, र आफ्नो भविष्य राम्रो बनाउनुहोस्।)

Try to be good, not great

You should try to be simple and good. Simplicity is the best method to get respected and loved by others. All good people are great, but all great people may not be so. The simplicity and goodness in nature are always respected and worshipped everywhere in the world.(तपाईले सरल र राम्रो बन्ने प्रयास गर्नुपर्छ। अरूबाट आदर र माया पाउनको लागि सरलता उत्तम तरिका हो। सबै असल मानिसहरु महान हुन्छन् तर सबै महान मानिसहरु त्यस्ता नहुन सक्छन् । प्रकृतिमा रहेको सादगी र भलाइलाई संसारमा जताततै सम्मान र पूजा गरिन्छ।)

Ways with words

1. Read the text above and fill in the gaps with correct word from the list below.

[ atmosphere-वातावरण, determine-निर्धारण गर्ने, paradigm-प्रतिमान, prioritize-प्राथमिकता दिने,       self-confidence-आत्मविश्वास ]

• (a) Our good or bad habits determine our character.
• (b) Paradigm means perception like a pair of glasses that determines whether we can see things clearly or not.
• (c) We should prioritize good habits in our life.
• (d) We should maintain our self-confidence even at hard times.
• (e) We should create an appropriate atmosphere to foster the good habits in a child.

2. Read the text above and match the words in column ‘A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’.

•         A                                                           B

• (a) eliminate - हटाउन                               (i) taking the initiative -2

• (b) proactive -सक्रिय                                 (ii) at work -3

• (c) career - क्यारियर                                  (iii) remove, eradicate -1

• (d) communicate - सञ्चार गर्ने                    (iv) proportions, measurements -5

• (e) dimensions -  आयामहरू                     (v) to exchange information, news, ideas, etc.-4

Read and answer

1. Read the text again and answer these questions.

• (a) What do you mean by good habits?
• Answer: By good habits I mean behaviours which are beneficial to our physical and mental health, and often connected with discipline and self- control.
• (b) How can we cultivate good habits in us?
• Answer: We can cultivate good habits in us by having a good paradigm.
• (c) When do we realize ‘how poor our current vision is’?
• Answer: We realize 'how poor our current vision is' when we get a new and better paradigm.
• (d) What shapes our character? How?
• Answer: Our habits, good or bad shape our character. It happens when we prioritize our good habits.
• (e) Who is responsible for our happiness and unhappiness?
• Answer: We, ourselves are responsible for our happiness and unhappiness.
• (f) Why do we need to cultivate a personal mission statement?
• Answer: we need to cultivate a personal mission statement because it acts as a road map to guide our decision-making process.
• (g) What are the four key dimensions of life?
• Answer: The four key dimensions of life are body, brain, heart and soul.
• (h) Why should we reflect ourselves from time to time?
• Answer: We should reflect ourselves from time to time to reveal our reality, i.e. our strengths and weaknesses.

2. Read the text again and make a list of good habits along with their short description in the table given below.

SN	Good habits	Description
1.	Be positive-सकारात्मक हुनुहोस्	If you are positive about things, you are hopeful and confident, and think of the good aspects of a situation rather than the bad ones. Be positive about your future and get on with living a normal life.
2.	Prioritize right thing in right time-सही समयमा सही कुरालाई प्राथमिकता दिनुहोस्	This rule is also known as the Pareto principle and it was established by an Italian economist at the beginning of the 20th century. The 80/20 Rule means that 20 percent of the things you do during your day will produce 80 percent of your results.
3.	Listen to others-अरूको कुरा सुन्नुहोस्	Listening means paying attention not only to the story, but how it is told, the use of language and voice, and how the other person uses his or her body. In other words, it means being aware of both verbal and non-verbal messages.
4.	Think win-win-जीत-जित सोच्नुहोस्	Think Win-Win is the belief that everyone can win. It's not me or you it is both of us. It is a belief that there are enough good things for everyone; it is an abundant way of thinking.
5.	Work in group-समूहमा काम गर्नुहोस्	Group work refers to a collaborative learning environment where students work through problems and assessments together. Students are able to delegate roles and responsibilities, pool their knowledge and skills and receive support from one another.
6.	Renew yourself-आफैलाई नवीकरण गर्नुहोस्	The act or process of renewing oneself or itself For a long time it has been assumed that heart muscle cells are incapable of self-renewal.
7.	Try to be good, not great-राम्रो बन्न प्रयास गर्नुहोस्, महान होइन	It's about being at least OK with where you are, about accepting well enough. What's interesting is that not always trying so damn hard to be great isn't just the path to being happier; it's also the path to getting better.
8.	Reflect yourself-आफैलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्नुहोस्	Self-reflection is like looking into a mirror and describing what you see. It is a way of assessing yourself, your ways of working and how you study. To put it simply 'reflection' means to think about something.

C. Activate yourself
What is the value of good habits in a person’s career? Discuss with refer- ence to the text above.

• Answer: Good habits is very important in a person's career. If he/she will have good habits then they can easily reach in their destination.

2. Time for grammar

A. Engage yourself

Let’s play a game. One of the students goes to his/her friends (minimum ten friends) and asks their plans for the next year. At the same time, he notes down their plans in his/her diary.

SN	Name of the friends	Plan for the next year
1.	Tekendra Khatri	Hardwork and I will get good marks in  Exam.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

In the class, all students perform the same task one by one and make lists of their friends’ future plans.

B. Study

1. After completing the task given above, students will write their friends’ plans using the structures of predicting or different degree of probability such as may/ might, could, probably, certainly, definitely, etc.

2. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases given in the box below. 

may	might	is sure/ certain/ bound to
is likely/ unlikely to		could
probably/ certainly/ definitely		I doubt
I expect		will not

• (a) There is unlikely to be much snow this winter.
• (b) In ten years’ time everyone is sure to have a digital watch.
• (c) We could discover major new sources of energy.
• (d) In our lifetime, the robots might take over most manual work.
• (e) Man may colonize the space by 2050.

3. Match the statements in column ‘A’ with their corresponding responses in column ‘B’.

A	B
a) Do you think I should learn English?	1. It won’t be a good use of money at the moment.
b) I cannot decide whether to buy a camera or not.	2. There is a good chance that they’ll find a cure for AIDS.
c) Perhaps I should take a week off. I don’t like to go to school.	3. Yes, you should- it’s sure to help you get a job.
d) Will they find a cure for AIDS?	4. She is unlikely to win the game un- less she controls her bad temper.
e) Will she win the game?	5. You are unlikely to be granted such long leave.

C. Activate yourself

Write a paragraph of 10 sentences on the impacts of good or bad habits in a person’s career using the structures of predicting or degree of probability.

3. Listening

A. Engage yourself Look at the map of different development regions. Guess and discuss the weather conditions of these five regions of the country.

B. Study
1. Listen to the text and match the following words/ phrases in column A with those in column B.

A                                                                          B

(a) Far western region                                          (i) heavy rain

(b) Mid western region                                        (ii) cloudy and occasionally rain

(c) Western region                                               (iii) sunshine and very hot

(d) Central region                                                (iv) sunny and very hot

(e) Eastern region                                                 (v) sunshine and normally hot

2. Listen to the text once again and complete the following table.

Regions,         Maximum,       Minimum,                Rainfall (mm)
Dhankuta         27.22               18.3                          

Kathmandu      20.3                                                  No rainfall
Pokhara           25.22               12.02
Birendranagar 34.22                23.3
Dipayal           36.22                28.3                         No rainfall

C. Activate yourself
Listen to the weather forecast on your radio/ television at home. Then, design a similar weather forecast for the next day.

4. Speaking

A. Engage yourself
Suppose your school is taking you on a picnic. Discuss the picnic in your group and
list down the plans that you have made.
B. Study
Study these examples.
1. A man brings his camera to get it repaired at a camera shop.
Lok : Good morning, sir. What can I do for you?
Binod : Hi. I’d like to have this camera repaired. It does not work. 

Lok : Here, let me see it …….
Binod : What are the chances of getting it back by evening?
Lok : I’m afraid that’s impossible. I’ll try to return it by tomorrow.

2. Two students are talking about their picnic. 

Shanti : So, tomorrow is the big picnic, huh? 

Nirmala : Yeah. What’s the probability? Will it rain
Shanti : I heard on the radio that there is no chance of rain. It is likely to be a sunny day.

C. Activate yourself
Work in pairs. Prepare a similar dialogue about the use of new technology such as a cell phone or computer, etc. in learning.

5. Writing
A. Engage yourself

Do you like to become a teacher? Why or why not? Discuss with your friends.

B. Study

Study the following text and discuss it among your friends.

A Teacher
Teaching is one of the most important professions. A teacher helps his or her students learn. He or she is a leader to lead the students towards right path. He or she plays different roles according to different needs of the students. A good teacher has a love for teaching profession.

C. Activate yourself

Choose one of the professions you like and write about the profession in about 100
words.

6. Project work

Complete the following table. Supply authentic information about your/your friend’s good and bad habits.

Name of the person: ................................................................................
Good habits
Bad habits
I want to do good
For my country
For myself
For my family
For my community
For everything
For this, I will keep myself
happy healthy and positive.
For this, I will ...................
For this, I will ...................
For this, I will ...................
For this, I will ...................
For this, I will ...................
Enjoy yourself
1.Look at the following picture carefully and share the ideas where you and your friends are.
2. Fill in the blanks and have fun: